ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of digitally designed removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks, constructed by additive and subtractive methods castable resin patterns, using comparative 3D analysis. @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#A Kennedy class III mod. 1 educational maxillary model was used in this study. The cast was scanned after modification, and a removable partial denture framework was digitally designed. Twelve frameworks were constructed. Two groups were defined: Group A: six frameworks were milled with castable resin, then casted by the lost wax technique into Co-Cr frameworks; Group B: six frameworks were printed with castable resin, then casted by the lost wax technique into Co-Cr frameworks. Comparative 3D analysis was used to measure the accuracy of the fabricated frameworks using Geomagic Control X software. Student's t-test was used for comparing data. P value ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. @*RESULTS@#Regarding the accuracy of the occlusal rests, group A (milled) (0.1417 ± 0.0224) showed significantly higher accuracy than group B (printed) (0.02347 ± 0.0221). The same results were found regarding the 3D comparison of the overall accuracy, in which group A (0.1501 ± 0.0205) was significantly more accurate than group B (0.179 ± 0.0137). @*CONCLUSION@#In indirect fabrication techniques, subtractive manufacturing yields more accurate RPDs than additive manufacturing.
ABSTRACT
We report a series of cutaneous Herpes Zoster [HZ] reactivation cases in patients with hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection treated with directly acting antiviral [DAA] agents. Five cases were detected among 2133 treated patients with DAAs at one of the specialized viral hepatitis treatment centers in Egypt. A control group including 2300 age and sex matched HCV patients who were previously treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin did not show any HZ reactivation reports while on treatment. None of cases had an evidence of immunosuppression or a risk factor for HZ reactivation. The DAAs used regimens were sofosbuvir/daclatasvir in 4 cases and sofosbuvir/simeprevir in one case. HCV clearance with antiviral therapy may bring immune changes causing reactivation of other latent viral infections like HZ. A high index of clinical suspicion may be needed to guarantee early and prompt management of such cases
ABSTRACT
The enthesopathy of seronegative spondyloarthropathies [SpA] is the hallmark of these diseases, the ultrasound examination of these entheses confirms the frequency of their involvement. To detect entheseal abnormalities with ultrasound [US] in the lower limb of patients with early Spondyloarthropathy [SpA] and to evaluate US as a valuable tool in detecting early enthesis. A total of 45 patients with early disease duration of 11.7 +/- 8.5 months, including 10 patients with psoriatic arthritis [PsA], 10 patients with ankylosing spondylitis [AS], 10 patients with reactive arthritis [ReA], eight patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] and seven patients with Crohn's disease and 20 healthy controls of matched age and sex underwent ultraso-nographic evaluation of Achilles, quadriceps, patellar entheses and plantar aponeurosis. Ultrasonographic findings were scored according to the Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesitis Scoring System [GUESS]. On US examination a total of 290/450 [64.4%] of the entheseal sites were abnormal. Mean GUESS score was significantly higher in patients with SpA as compared with controls[p < 0.001], with a higher mean value in patients with PsA, ReA and AS. The mean thickness of all tendons examined was significantly higher in SpA patients than in controls [p < 0.0001] as well as the mean number of enthesophytes and bursitis in all sites examined [p = 0.002, p = 0.003], with a higher prevalence amongst patients with PsA and ReA. The GUESS score was correlated to duration of the disease and the anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha medications. Enthesis involvement occurs early in spondyloarthritis, the enthesis US score appears to be reliable and useful for improving the diagnostic accuracy of early SpA, further studies are needed as US is an evolving technique